Proteinuria in Pts with Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts

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1

What is the most likely diagnosis in patient A?

	Lupus erythematosus
	Cryoglobulinemia
	Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
	Cholesterol-embolism Syndrome
	Hypersensitivity angiitis
	Shunt nephritis

2

Concerning shunt nephritis, which of the following statements is true?

	Chronic renal failure is the clinical manifestation in virtually all cases.
	The mainstay of therapy is longstanding intravenous application of antibiotics.
	The mainstay of therapy is application of antibiotics, removal of the shunt, intermittend external drainage if necessary and reimplantation of the shunt.
	Concerning the incidence of shunt nephritis no difference exists between ventriculoatrial and ventriculoperitoneal shunts.
	Despite rapid and adequate therapy the renal outcome is poor.